Translation and analysis of words by ChatGPT artificial intelligence
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What (who) is Orlando Bandinelli - definition
, f. 1v - BL Loan MS 88 (cropped).jpg?width=200)
![Alexander III depicted in a fresco by [[Spinello Aretino]] <small>(before 1410, [[Palazzo Pubblico]] in [[Siena]])</small>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/B alexander III2 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "Alexander III depicted in a fresco by [[Spinello Aretino]] <small>(before 1410, [[Palazzo Pubblico]] in [[Siena]])</small>")
![Bulla]] of Alexander III.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Medieval Papal Bull of Pope Alexander III (FindID 227560).jpg?width=200 "Bulla]] of Alexander III.")
![The cartoon of the ''Battle of Cascina'' by [[Michelangelo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Battagliadicascina.jpg?width=200 "The cartoon of the ''Battle of Cascina'' by [[Michelangelo]]")
![Basilica della Santissima Annunziata]], Florence](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pietà di baccio bandinelli 02.JPG?width=200 "Basilica della Santissima Annunziata]], Florence")
Wikipedia
, f. 1v - BL Loan MS 88 (cropped).jpg?width=120)
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a contested election, but had to spend much of his pontificate outside Rome while several rivals, supported by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, claimed the papacy. Alexander rejected Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos' offer to end the East–West Schism, sanctioned the Northern Crusades, and held the Third Council of the Lateran. The city of Alessandria in Piedmont is named after him.
